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Horizon Matching is the combo of CFM and MLI. Portfolio is duration
matched but also cash flow matched for the first few years. Pros:
Provides liquidity in initial periodsReduces risk of non-parallel Yield
curve shift.Cons: More Expensive .
As time passes the duration of Investment won't exactly match time decrease. Or if Interest Rates move more than once.
1. Market Value Risk - Duration Based.2. Income Risk - If cash flow is
#1 priority - Longer duration is better.3. Credit Risk - Default Risk4.
Liability Framwork - ALM - Long Term Liabilities should use long term
assets.
1. Nominal Spread - Spread Between Bond Yield + Treasury of same
maturity.2. Z-Spread - Spread added to the treasury spot curve to force
equality3. O.A.S. Uses an interest rate treeWeighted Average and Sum.
Decompose payment streams to separately immunize each liability.
Possible If:1. Assets & Liab have the same PV2. Assets & Liab.
have the same duration3. The range of the distribution of durations >
duration of the liabilities* This will still only protect from parallel
shifts in Yield Curve. * Treat expected cash inflows as zeroes.
Duration Calculates changes for a parallel yield curve shift.Key rate shows effects of a twist in the yield curve.
Minimize Reinvestment Risk - minimize the distribution of maturities
around a single liability date. Bullet securities close to liability
dateMaturity Variance (M squared) - Variance of different maturities of
bonds used in immunization vs. Liability.
Uses a multifactor model to find same risk factors in different
securities:1. Separate bonds by risk factors.2. Measure the values of
each cell to determine cell weight3. Buy a sample of bonds from each
cell at exact weight.
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