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Sharp ratio assumes:1) normality (s.d. not valid for skewed
distributions)2) liquidity (downward bias in s.d.)3) uncorrelated
returns (autocorrelation produces downward bias in s.d.)4) time
dependency (return/s.d. annualized; as holding period incr., sharpe
ratio incr.5) Sharpe ratio is a stand-alone measure6) managers can
manipulate the inputs7) little power to predict hedge fund winners
*low liquidity*large lot sizes*high transaction costs*low mobility*asymmetric information in transactions
*exploit price discrepancies through long and short positions with the goal of no systematic risk
*manager shoudl have goals other than simply earning a gross return
*repricing occurs infrequently which results in dated values
1) Absolute return vehicles (no benchmark, diff. to determine alpha,
can use multifactor models to mimic)2) Conventions (longer lockups
outperform; younger/smaller funds outperform)3) Returns affected by:
entry/exit of investors, trading freq., annualized monthly returns4)
Leverage (for eval, treat each asset as if it was all cash)5) Downside
deviation (should not be punished for upside returns)
a limited partnership
Real Estate = return (similar); diver (good)Private Equity = return
(high); diver (low)Commodities = return (low); diver (good)Managed
futures = return (similar); diver (moderate)Distressed securities =
return (high); diver (high)Hedge fund = return (varies); diver (varies)
*the spot return (aka price return)*the collateral return (aka
collateral yield)*roll return (aka roll yield) = movement in futures
price not explained by movement in spot price
Amortizing = NP declines over life of swapAccreting = NP increases over life of swap
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