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the GP has greater negotiating power
RVPI = NAV after distributions / PIC!!LP unrealized return
the GP and the LPs
r2 = the compound discount rate between time T2 and T3 (TV: exit
value)r1 = (1+R1)^Nr2 = (1+R2)^NPOST2 = FV/(1+r2)PRE2 = POST2 -
INV2POST1 = PRE2 /(1+r1)PRE1 = POST1 - INV1f2 = INV2/POST2f1 =
INV1/POST1sVC1 = Sfounders x (f1/(1-f1))p1 = INV1 / SVC1SVC2 =
(Sfounders + SVC1) x (f2/(1-f2))p2 = INV2/sVC2
(1) IPO (highest valuation)(2) Secondary market sale (2nd highest valuation)(3) Management Buyout (MBO)(4) Liquidation
Transaction costs (due diligence, bank financing, legal fees from
acquisitions, sales transactions)Investment vehicle fund setup costs
(legal etc)Administrative costs (custodian, transfer agent, accounting
costs)Audit costs (fixed and charged annually)Management and performance
costs (2% management fee and 20% performance fee)Dilution costs (from
additional rounds of financing)Placement fees (placement agents who
raise funds for PE firms may charge up-front fees as much as 2% or
trailer fees as a % of fund
Limited Partners provide funding and do not have an active role in the
management of the investments. They have limited liability
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