Wednesday, April 29, 2015

76 Free CFA Level 2 Practice Questions and Answers on Portfolio Management

76 Free CFA Level 2 Practice Questions and Answers on Portfolio Management tightly focus on the highlights in the curriculum for your improved understanding of portfolio management. Those free CFA practice exam questions and clear answers are nicely formatted to make revising what you’ve learnt easier and refresh your study experience. It’s not necessary to to check answers and calculate your score by yourself. With one simple click into the submit button, your total points with correct/incorrect answers will come out so that you can compare and contrast easily. You can measure where you’re standing in your studies by that way and hereby have proper strategies for exam prep. Wish your upcoming exam a great success!
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M square = E(optimal risky portfolio) - E(market)
Calculate return from interest rate: use real exchange rate * (1 + r(f))(1+r(d))note: use real exchange rateReal exchange rate = S * Price foreign / Price domqestic
The client's risk aversion will remain unchanged next year, which suggests that the percentage allocated to cash will not change. A higher market return suggests greater weight should be placed on the passively managed portfolio, especially in light of Keene's prediction that markets will move closer to equilibrium. Less emphasis is placed on active management as markets move toward equilibrium (alphas move closer to zero).
determine asset allocationThe CML is derived by drawing a tangent line from the intercept point on the efficient frontier to the point where the expected return equals the risk-free rate of return. Since the horizontal value is SDV -> value E(R) based on total risk
If the real rate remains constant, the change in the exchange rate will simply reflect the inflation differential.FXexpected = FXcurrent * (1 − inflation differential)The expected DC return on the bond should be approximately equal to the FC return minus the FC depreciation.DCreturn = FCreturn − FCdepreciation
1. Intercept:- Macro: expected return- Fundamental: no econ interpretation2. Sensitivities:- Macro: estimated- Fundamental: calculated from the attributes data 3. Number of factors:- Macro: not many- Fundamental: usually a lot4. Factors:- Macro: surprises-Fund: rates of returns associated w each factor (P/E, size, etc.), estimated using regression
No economic interpretationJust the regression intercept necessary to make the unsystematic risk of the asset equal to 0 (?)
1. active factor: Risk from active factor tilts attributable to deviations of the portfolio's factor sensitivities versus the benchmark's sensitivities to the same set of factors.2. active specific risk: Risk from active asset selection attributable to deviations of the portfolio's individual asset weightings versus the benchmark's individual assetweightings, after controlling for differences in factor sensitivities of the portfolioversus the benchmark.
the return difference between low and high P/E stocks
Regress asset return on single factor: the return on the market portfolio

19 Free CFA Level 2 Practice Questions and Answers on Portfolio Management

19 Free CFA Level 2 Practice Questions and Answers on Portfolio Management provide enough depth of the content on portfolio management so as to help you master this topic in a short. As one of highly recommended free online CFA practice tests for CFA candidates, it showcases friendly formatted questions arranged by topics and instant answers at the end of the test. You can get some enhancement of all-important skills and mastery of specific knowledge before the upcoming exam. Instant response makes your knowledge revision easier and exam practice more effective. Explore it right now to feel powerful features, high effects originated from simpleness and your improvement of knowledge! Hope you pass!
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The efficient frontier is a subset of the minimum-variance portfolio, representing that portion of the minimum-variance frontier beginning with the minimum-variance portfolio and continuing above it.
The Fundamental Law states that forecasts are to be independent of each other, not dependent.
Slope CML, [E(Rm) - Rf] / std dev Market
E(R) = RF + [E(Rp) - RF] ×σ/σp
describes the combinations of expected return and standard deviation of return available to an investor from combining her optimal portfolio of risky assets with the risk-free asset. Thus the CAL describes the expected results of the investor's decision on how to optimally allocate her capital among risky and risk-free assets.
Arbitrage Pricing Theory and the Factor ModelAPT describes the expected return on an asset (or portfolio) as a linear function of the risk of the asset (or portfolio) with respect to a set of factors.
E(Ri) = Rf + βi[E(Rm)-Rf)]whereE(Ri) = the expected return on asset iRF = the risk-free rate of returnE(RM) = the expected return on the market portfolioβi = Cov(Ri, RM)/Var(RM)
The information ratio provides the mean active returns per unit of active risk. The higher information ratio demonstrates that active management has benefited the portfolio.
(1) active factor risk is the contribution to active risk squared resulting from the portfolio's different-from-benchmark exposures relative to factors specified in the risk model (or systematic risk), and (2) active specific risk (or asset selection risk) is the contribution to active risk squared resulting from the portfolio's active weights on individual assets as those weights interact with assets' residual risk (also referred to as idiosyncratic risk).
An efficient portfolio is one offering the highest expected return for a given level of risk as measured by variance or standard deviation of return.
The Sharpe ratio measures a portfolio's return in excess of the risk-free return relative to the standard deviation of that return. For any portfolio, adding an investment with a Sharpe ratio that is greater than that of the existing portfolio will always lead to a mean-variance improvement at the margin.
The minimum-variance frontier is the set of portfolios that have minimum variance for their level of expected return.

Monday, April 27, 2015

51 CFA Level 1 Practice Questions and Answers on Portfolio Management

Upgrade yourself to portfolio management with 51 CFA Level 1 Practice Questions and Answers on Portfolio Management. Those useful free CFA practice sample questions are developed in the way geared towards refining your critical thinking skill, revising study material and enhancing basic knowledge. Interestingly, the easy-to-access layout gives you fresh feeling working out all the practice questions and end up with great comfort. After clicking the submit button at the end of the test, you can know your weaknesses and strengths and define which areas need to be more focused. Your test will be automatically scored and the final result will come out. Hope you find it helpful!
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An ______ weighted portfolio is not necessarily the portfolio that provides the greatest reduction in risk
Three steps in Portfolio Management Process1. The ________ Step- begins with an analysis of the investors circumstances & KYCThis analysis results in an ___ that details the investment objectives and constraints2. The ________ step involves analysis of the risk and return characteristics of various asset classes3. The _______ step is where the manager must monitor changes and rebalance the portfolio periodically and compare it to its benchmark
Diversification allows an investor to reduce portfolio ____ without reducing the portfolios expected ______
ETFs may produce ____ capital gains liability compared to an index fund
An IPS should specify an objective benchmark such as an _____ return against the success of the portfolio management will be measures. It should be updated at least every few ______ and any time the investor's objectives or constraints change significantly
Life insurance companies have ___ term investment time horizons, while P&C insurance have ___ term investment time horizon because claims are expected to arise sooner
For BanksRisk Tolerance: _____ (High or Low)Investment Horizon: ____ (Short or long)Liquidity needs: ____ (High or Low)
For Defined benefit PensionsRisk Tolerance: _____ (High or Low)Investment Horizon: ____ (Short or long)Liquidity needs: ____ (High or Low)
Index funds are _________ managed; that is, the portfolio is constructed to match the performance of a particular index
Buyout funds (private equity funds) typically buy entire public companies and take them ________
The alternative to portfolio perspective is to examine the risk and return of _________ investments in isolation
Mutual funds are one form of _______ investment
The investment objective of a bank is to earn more on the loans and investments than banks ___ for deposits. Banks seek to keep risk ___ and need adequate ________ to meet investor withdrawals as they occur
An ETF is similar to a closed end fund in that purchases and sales are made in the _____ rather than with the fund. Unlike closed end funds, they are ______ managed and there are special redemption provisions that keep their market price very close to their ___

Saturday, April 25, 2015

20 Free CFA Mock Exam Questions and Answers on Alternative Investments

We bring here a small surprise for your effective test practice. 20 Free CFA Mock Exam Questions and Answers on Alternative Investments is one of the most updated tests which are very well formatted with prompt answers committed to your convenience in study process. The content is covered thoroughly and deeply to better your understanding and reinforcing your important skills. You can check out your answers by clicking the submit button at the bottom of the test to revise what you’ve learnt. Hope those free CFA exam questions are what you are looking for!
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Pays dividends before common stock, option can be exercised if stock is purchased at a premium in a buyout scenarioDebt still ranks ahead of them
Usually an index with varying underlying assets (GSCI is common)pay attention to differences in economic conditions between historical period used for forecasting and today as effect on commodity prices may be major
DiversificationExposure to nontraditional risk factors and strategiesIlliquidityLimited access to informationNeed for complex diligenceDifferent tax treatmentsDifficult to appraise performance/establish benchmarksMay create concentrated positionsDecision risk- risk of investors irrationally changing strategy when returns are extreme
Direct- invest in futures/forwardsIndirect- invest in companies that product commodities (may be less efficient/have higher basis risk if these companies hedge)More likely to hedge unexpected inflation when storable and demand is tied to economic activity (rather than stable)Close to 0 correlation with other asset classes, so provide diversification (even though no return enhancement)Exposure to event risk that changes spot prices (political, economic, natural disaster, etc)Return= spot return + roll yield
SD is biased since returns are skewed and leptokurtic-May use downside deviation to focus on negative returns only and not penalize for positive volatilitySharpe ratio may be gamed-Dependent on how returns are calculated/time periods-Using out of the money options can increase today's return by collecting premiums now-Longer time periods used can create lower volatility-Assumes normality- HF returns aren't normal-Illiquid assets, stale prices have lower vol and bias the SR up-SD may have serial correlation
NAREIT- REIT index (indirect investments); includes leveraged positions and returns are net of fees, more correlated with equitiesNCREIF- index of direct investments based on appraisal values (smoothed); unleveraged properties, lower correlation with equities, returns gross of fees
Indices vary a lot in composition and report infrequentlyDiverse strategies make funds hard to compareParticipation is voluntary and past data may not be relevantSubject to popularity, survivorship, backfill and stale price biasesIndex components are infrequently priced due to fewer events like IPOs, M&A, etcMany claim there are no direct benchmarks and use absolute returns/a hurdle rate as a benchmarkMay use single/multifactor models or create tracking portfolios with comparable risk/return characteristics
Limit withdrawals for a minimum period to prevent sudden withdrawals
Normal considerations: market opportunity (out of the universe), investment process, org structure, people, service providers, etc++ Taxes, Suitability of AI (holding periods, fees, risk, etc), Decision Risk- not as much of a concern when investors don't make rash decisions(should also consider other closely held funds if all the other considerations have already been made)
More common, tend to smooth results and understate volatility, overstate correlation

21 Free CFA Mock Exam Questions and Answers on Portfolio Management

21 Free CFA Mock Exam Questions and Answers on Portfolio Management comes with all you need about this topic area. Unlike other practice tests on the market, this free CFA practice test online is not only pleasing you with easy-to-access format but also give you a great comfort through latest principles and definitions of this field. You will be lead throughout the whole content in the CFA curriculum in the easy-to-understand and friendly-user way. Free to practice and just need a computer connected to the Internet to start testing. So don’t hesitate to refresh yourself with those very amazing test questions! Good luck!
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Portfolio Risk: Beta = _________ of asset i's return with market return / _______ of the market return
Portfolio Return: simply the % increase in the value of an investment over a given time period; = (end-of-period value / beg-of-period value) - 1
Portfolio Risk: Treynor ratio = (Expected return - risk free rate) / _______; it is measured in terms of _________ risk
Portfolio Theory: Adding a risky stock to a less risky bond portfolio can _________ portfolio risk because of their ________
Portfolio Construction: When assigning an overall risk tolerance, the prudent approach is to use the _______ of ability to take risk and willingness to take risk
Portfolio Risk: The line of possible portfolio risk and return combinations given the risk-free rate and the risk of return of a portfolio of risky asset is referred to as ___________
Portfolio Risk: (Expected return - risk free rate) / standard deviation
Portfolio Management: 3 steps in portfolio management process: (1) ____________ (determine client needs and circumstances, create IPS); (2) _____________ (construct portfolio by determining suitable allocations based on IPS); (3) ____________ (monitor and rebalance as needed)
Portfolio Risk: M-squared is similar to the Sharpe Ratio but is easier to interpret b/c it is in ________ terms

Friday, April 24, 2015

My Top 8 Highly-Recommended Websites for Free Online CFA Practice Exam

In the experience along the way as well as an effort to help, we kindly introduce My Top 8 Highly-Recommended Websites for Free Online CFA Practice Exam for your smooth CFA preparation. These top websites offer free CFA exam sample questions, numerous stories and tips for successful CFA career. We recommend each of them for the quality of their questions.

1. Kaplan Schweser

Kaplan Schweser provides exam preparation for professional certificates and advanced designations such as CFP (Certified Financial Planner), CAIA (Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst), FRM (Financial Risk Manager) and especially CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst). Currently, Schweser design free CFA Level I practice test to help you determine what areas you need to focus on most before taking an exam. After registering, you can test free assessment exam including 40 online questions with answers at the end of each exam. Both correct and incorrect questions appear with links back to the questions and the correct answers are highlighted for easy following. Besides, you can get free demos and samples of CFA study materials (PDF version), exam review workshops, and CFA online classes at this site without any purchase required.
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Most Expected Things You Should Know about 3 Levels of CFA Exam (Part 1)

Below are the Most Expected Things You Should Know about 3 Levels of CFA Exam (Part 1). The CFA program includes three exams held at the test centers all over the world. Three CFA Levels must be overcomed sequentially considered as a condition to become a CFA chartered holder. The exam topics for each of these three levels are designed to test you on extensive skills considered to be most relevant for the investment profession.
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CFA Level I Exam

Exam Structure and Format

CFA Level 1 exam consists of 3-hour morning and afternoon session and 120 independent multiple choice questions for each session. They can be answered correctly by applying only the information provided in the question and your subject knowledge. So, it’s not a good idea if mention outside information; they are not often designed to cause you wrong ideas about questionnaire........

3 Most Meaningful Ways To Break Down CFA Average Salary

According to statistics from the CFA Institute, the member mastering the CFA certificate (also known as CFA Charterholder) often work in the most famous financial groups such as Bank of America Corporation, Citigroup, Wells Fargo & Company, Reinsurance Group of America Inc., etc. The CFA charter is a highly respected job that is globally recognized by employers and investment professionals. Have you ever wonder how much a CFA charter is paid per month? Exciting question! CFA salaries are different from one charter holder to another because of differences in the years of experience, job position or job title and other numerous evaluation criteria such as name of employer, city, or state, company size and more. Based on CFA-related salary data, we give you 3 Most Meaningful Ways To Break Down CFA Average Salary which a CFA charter can be earned. Hope to well prepare for your CFA career after becoming a CFA Charterholder.
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CFA Average Salary by Years of Experience

In accordance with statistics of Payscale.com, a charterholder with less than 1 year experience can be earn $58,786 while between one and four years of working experience can earn an expected salary of $66,799.....

Thursday, April 23, 2015

How To Study for CFA Level 1 – 9 Top Tips for Passing the CFA Exam 2015

Becoming a Chartered Financial Analyst may give to you honour and recognition from your colleagues in your career. To get this rewarding title after your name is a long-term and non-stop attempt. You have to meet all the requirements of the CFA Institute to become certified including passing three six-hour exams.
If CFA candidates have registered the exam in June, they have probably been studying very hard until now. Many third-party providers offer services to help you prepare for the exam and for further, passing the test. Also, lots of websites such as cfaexampreparation.com give numerous advices and tips on how to study and revise before the exam. We have collected findings from the latest posts on studying and test-taking skills in How To Study for CFA Level 1 – 9 Top Tips for Passing the CFA Exam 2015 to help you wade through the noise and your worry toward completing your CFA certification.

9 Study Tips 2015 to Help You Pass the CFA Exam

1. 300 Hours

It is recommended from the CFA Institute that a minimum of 250-300 hours to study for each exam. It’s not joking. Only putting around 200 hours will not make you pass even if you are smarter than everyone is. Many test-takers have studied around or more 300 hours for each exam.

2. Exam Prep Videos

Exam prep courses from third-party providers are quite expensive, so they’re not a good choice for your budget. You can take advantages of year-old videos from Schweser on the Ebay, which are the excellent way to review the material over the last month of exam preparation and you do not have to pay much. Condensed version of the curriculum from exam prep providers is also recommended.


Wednesday, April 22, 2015

76 Free CFA Mock Exam Questions and Answers on Alternative Investments

With the expectation of providing an online learning method for CFA exams, 76 Free CFA Mock Exam Questions and Answers on Alternative Investments are highly recommended to help you conquer the extensive CFA curriculum. Based on the multiple choice exam format, this up-to-date free CFA mock exam facilitates you to deeply and quickly understand the concepts. This is an essential tool of CFA self-studying to improve your skills and polish up your critical thinking. Practice with our tests also help you ingrain the important things under the exam pressure and keep track of your learning process at any time. Don’t miss any of the following questions and hope you get higher grades!
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they have low sharpe ratios and also have underperformed returns on global stocks and bonds (highly volatile)
when a company issues debt to fund a dividend distribution to its current shareholders (not an exit but often a step towards an exit)
this is the funding a company receives when they are preparing for their IPO
Their performance is no correlated with the market, and therefore they are seen as a good hedge, also they have outperformed the traditional market in the past perhaps because of their illiquidity of these markets (skilled managers can find these mispricings)
Absolute performance refers to the nominal performance of the fund (10%) and relative performance refers to performance over a benchmark (5% over a specific benchmark)
they are investing in the securities of a firm that are issuing or repurchasing securities, spinning off a part of their business, selling assets, or distributing capital
when loans or mortgages of commercial properties are pooled together and sold
large sums of money, minimal liquidity needs, investment sophistication
the prices usually move in the direction of inflation, good way to hedge out inflation risk
using the liquidation or fair market value of assets to value a company, also make sure to subtract liabilities so you are only valuing the equity portion of the company

47 Free CFA Mock Exam Questions and Answers on Alternative Investments

47 Free CFA Mock Exam Questions and Answers on Alternative Investments can help you pass this topic area in the CFA exam with flying colors. Many test-takers underestimate this topic portion of the exam until they start the exam and realize that how complicated an seem-to-be-easy topic is. So, let’s go through end-of-chapter questions as well as practice exam questions to enhance good grounding of alternative investments. Don’t be afraid of the next six-hour exam, our CFA sample exam questions free will help you prepare for the exam in the most effective way and be willing to win the game. Hope you overcome this exam and get a CFA certification as expected.
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. Less effective inflation hedge versus direct real estate investments.2. Financed through bond issuance by the private company as well as byy equity.3. Can be classified as either a real estate investment, private equity, or an exclusive investment class.
Read the chart down, not across.
-Weights-Composition-Purpose
1. Illiquid2. Inflation hedge (apartments)3. No centralized exchange4. High risk adjusted rewards for investors able to obtain cost efficient, high quality information.
-Early Stage-Late Stage
NCREIF
Later futures prices are higher than earlier futures prices.
-Selection Criteria-Style Classification-Weighting scheme-Rebalancing Scheme-Investability
-When calculating drawdowns, losses are typically not compounded.-The entry or exit to or from hedge funds by investors is normally allowed on a quarterly or less frequent basis than the monthly return calculation.
-Trend following-Contrarian

Monday, April 20, 2015

9 Basic CFA Level 2 Practice Questions Free on Alternative Investments

With 9 Basic CFA Level 2 Practice Questions Free on Alternative Investments, we believe you can pass this topic area. Many candidates neglect this topic portion of the exam until they get to the exam and find out that how complicated and subjective an seem-to-be-easy topic is. Dealing with practice problems at the end of chapter as well as practice questions at here to enhance your understanding of real situations. Not worry with a six-hour exam, free CFA practice exam questions for level 2 will help you mentally prepare for the exams and be willing to defeat your peers. Hope it work out on you and remember to share your ideas with us in the comment below!
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= Land Value + Building Replacement Cost - Total Depreciation
The direct capitalization method and discounted cash flow method (DCF) are two income approaches used to appraise a commercial (income-producing) property. The direct capitalization method estimates the value of an income-producing property based on the level and quality of its net operating income. The DCF method discounts future projected cash flows to arrive at a present value of the property.
Cap rate = NOI/Valuewhere the NOI is usually based on what is expected during the current or first year of ownership of the property. Sometimes the term going-in cap rate is used to clarify that it is based on the first year of ownership when the investor is going into the deal.
Cap rate = NOI/Valuewhere the NOI is usually based on what is expected during the current or first year of ownership of the property. Sometimes the term going-in cap rate is used to clarify that it is based on the first year of ownership when the investor is going into the deal.
Cap rate = Discount rate - Growth rate
DSCR = NOI/Debt serviceThe debt service includes both interest and principal payments on the mortgage.
NOI = rental income + other income - vacancy and collection loss - prop- erty management costs
= Potential gross income (PGI) - Vacancy and collection loss = Effective gross income (EGI) - Operating expenses (OE)= Net operating income (NOI)

48 CFA Level 2 Practice Questions Free on Alternative Investments

With the purpose of providing an quick and effective learning method for CFA test-takers, many updated multiple choice questions are added in 48 CFA Level 2 Practice Questions Free on Alternative Investments to help test-takers learn and revise the huge study material. In the multiple choice format testing, this updated practical CFA level 2 mock exam free aids you in deeply understanding the concepts quickly. It can be denied that it is an essential tool of CFA self-studying to improve your skills. Moreover, daily practice also help you ingrain the important things under the pressure before the exam and keep track of your learning process. Click away all the following questions now and leave your results in the comment below!
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An LBO in which an external management team will replace the existing management team.
1) *Roll* *Yield*2) *Collateral* *yield*3) *Change* *in* *spot* *prices*
-Hedge Funds-Private Equity-Real Estate-Commodities-Tangible Collectibles
The upward bias of returns if data only for current existing (surviving) firms is included.
Shares that trade publicly like shares of a stock, where 90% of income must be distributed to shareholders to avoid tax.
A benchmark rate, above which incentive fees are earned, and below which fees are not.
1) Residential Property2) Commercial Real Estate 3) REITS

17 CFA Level 2 Practice Questions Free on Alternative Investments

17 CFA Level 2 Practice Questions Free on Alternative Investments help you completely get advantages over other candidates in the CFA exams. CFA level 2 practice exams free with free multiple choice questions and instant answers are truly considered as a useful study method highlighting the significant alternative investments concepts and give clear explanation in detail. By that way, you can tackle with complicated exercises with trouble-free; polish the essential skills for this subject in the next exam. Also, testing online not only saves your time but also your money, not similar to take a direct course out there. Try it out right now to become qualified as soon as possible.
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What are three phases that firms go through in terms of growth?
What are two methods of determining a terminal value?
When is the residual income approach appropriate?
What is the sustainable growth rate formula?
What are some limits to the GGM?
The GGM is applicable to appropriate for modelling:
What is free cash flow?
When is a free cash flow model appropriate?
What is an advantage of using dividends in valuations?
What are the three predominant definitions of future cash flow?