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HPY = ((P1 - P0 ) + D ) / P0
Same as IRR. Gives higher precedence to amount of money invested vs return.
T-Bills, Commercial Paper, Negotiable CDs.
EAY = ( ( 1 + HPY) ^ (365/t) ) -1
r = (HPY) ^ ( 360/t)
Sum ( CF/(1+r)^t) r=required rate of return
Invest only if IRR is greater than opportunity cost.
1. Identity all cash inflows and cash outflows.2. Calculate the
present value by applying the discount rate.3. Sum all present values.4.
That is NPV.
D= r F ( t/360)
Discount rate that makes NPV zeroNPV=0=Sum(CFt/(1+IRR)^t)
Assumes a 360 day holding period
(1 + r) ^ 4 -> Where four is the number of quarters.r -> Quarterly return.
Financing long term projects.
PV (Cash Inflows) = PV(Cash Outflows) and the equivalent IRR that computes the rate of return
Initially, the lender/investor pays the face value - Discount and at the end, the lender/investor receives the face value.
Geometric mean of the holding periods.
r = (D/F) * (360/t)
Management of company's short term assets like inventory and short term liabilities (money owed to suppliers).
Allocation of funds for long term projects
1. Capital budgeting.2. Capital structure.3. Working capital management.
Short term market ( < 1 year)
Present value of all its cash inflows - Present value of all its cash outflows.
Measures the return over a period.
HPR = (P1 - P0 + D1 ) / P0
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